Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, mainly caused by human activities. The primary driver of climate change is the increase in greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat from the sun, leading to a rise in Earth’s average temperature — a phenomenon known as global warming.
Human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas), deforestation, and industrial processes are the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, we are seeing more frequent and intense heatwaves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, stronger storms, and changes in rainfall patterns. These changes pose serious risks to ecosystems, human health, food security, and water availability.
To combat climate change, efforts are being made worldwide to reduce emissions, shift to renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, plant trees, and develop sustainable practices. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, aim to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels.
Everyone has a role to play in addressing climate change — from governments and businesses to individuals making eco-friendly choices in daily life.